I ka noonoo ana i kouhoʻomaʻemaʻe waikaʻina hana, e hoʻomaka ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e wehe i ka wai i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi hoʻokuʻu.Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kemika kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i nā ion a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe liʻiliʻi mai ka wai, a me nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻO nā mea kemika i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ka mea nui: pH regulator, coagulant,ʻāhuehue.
Flocculant
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Flocculants i nā ʻoihana ākea a me nā noi e kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka wai ʻino ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea haumia i loko o nā lau a i ʻole "flocs" e lana ana ma ka ʻili a i ʻole e noho ma lalo.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lime, hoʻokaʻawale i ka lepo a me ka wai maloʻo.ʻO nā flocculants kūlohelohe a mineral paha he silica ikaika a me polysaccharides, aʻo nā flocculants synthetic ka mea maʻamau.polyacrylamide.
Ma muli o ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka haku mele ʻana o ka wai ʻino, hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia nā flocculants a i hui pū ʻia me nā coagulants.ʻOkoʻa nā Flocculants mai nā coagulantsʻo ia ka mea maʻamau he polymers, ʻoiai he mau paʻakai ka coagulants.ʻO ko lākou nui mole (kaumaha) a me ka nui o ka uku (ka pākēneka o nā molekala me ka anionic a i ʻole cationic charges) hiki ke ʻokoʻa i ka "kaulike" i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā ʻāpana i loko o ka wai a hoʻoulu iā lākou e hui pū a maloʻo.Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia nā flocculants anionic e paʻa i nā ʻāpana mineral, aʻo nā flocculants cationic e hoʻohana ʻia e paʻa i nā ʻāpana organik.
PH mea hoʻoponopono
No ka wehe ʻana i nā metala a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe mai ka wai ʻino, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka pH regulator.Ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka pH o ka wai, a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka helu o nā ion hydroxide maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻopili kēia i nā ion metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kēia mau ion hydroxide.ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka kānana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala paʻa ʻole.
Coagulant
No kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai e mālama i nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hiki i nā coagulants ke hoʻohui i nā mea haumia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no ka wehe maʻalahi.Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā coagulants kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana i ka wai ʻino ʻoihana i hoʻokahi o ʻelua mau ʻāpana: organik a me ka inorganic.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā coagulants anorganic no ka nui o nā noi.He kūpono loa lākou i ka wai maka o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole kūpono kēia noi no nā coagulants organik.Ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā coagulants inorganic mai ka alumini a i ʻole ka hao, e komo i nā haumia i loko o ka wai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana "sweep-and-flocculate".ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻonui ke kaʻina hana i ka nui o ka sludge e pono e wehe ʻia mai ka wai.ʻO nā coagulants anorganic maʻamau ka alumini sulfate, alumini chloride, a me ka ferric sulfate.
Loaʻa i nā coagulants organik nā mea maikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe hopena i ka pH o ka wai i mālama ʻia.ʻO nā laʻana o nā coagulants organik maʻamau ka polyamines a me ka polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, a me ka melamine, formaldehyde a me nā tannins.
ua hoʻolālā ʻia kā mākou laina o nā flocculants a me nā coagulants e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino a hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano noiʻi hoʻoheheʻe mineral, e hoʻokō i ka koi no nā kemika mālama wai i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona noiʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-15-2023