ʻO ka hana kemika
Ke kū nei ka ʻoihana kemika i nā pilikia hoʻoponopono kaiapuni ika mālama ʻana i kona wai ʻinohoʻokuʻu. ʻO nā mea haumia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila a me nā mea kanu petrochemical e komo pū me nā mea haumia maʻamau e like me ka aila a me nā momona a me nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka ammonia, chromium, phenol a me sulfides.
Mea kanu mana
ʻO nā hale mana wahie fossil, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea puhi lanahu, kahi kumu nui owai ʻōpala ʻoihana. Hoʻokuʻu ka nui o kēia mau mea kanu i ka wai ʻino i loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā metala e like me ke kēpau, mercury, cadmium a me chromium, a me ka arsenic, selenium a me nā pūhui nitrogen (nitrates a me nitrites). Hoʻololi pinepine nā mea kanu me nā mea hoʻohaumia i ka ea, e like me nā ʻōpala pulu.
Hana kila/hao
Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana kila no ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā huahana. Ua haumia ia me nā huahana e like me ka ammonia a me ka cyanide i ka wā o ka hoʻololi mua. Aia i loko o ke kahawai ʻōpala he benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenol a me ka cresol. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hao a me ke kila i loko o nā pā, nā uea, a i ʻole nā pa e pono ai ka wai ma ke ʻano he lubricant kumu a me ka mea hoʻomaha, a me ka wai hydraulic, pata, a me nā mea paʻa. Pono ka wai no ke kila galvanized hydrochloric a me sulfuric acid. Hoʻokomo ka wai ʻōpala i ka wai holoi wai a me ka wai ʻōpala. ʻO ka nui o ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana kila i haumia me nā wai hydraulic, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he ʻaila soluble.
hale hana metala
ʻO ka ʻōpala mai nā hana hoʻopau metala ʻo ia ka lepo (silt) i loaʻa nā metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana metala, hoʻopau metala a me ka hana ʻana o ka papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB) e hana i ka nui o ka lepo i loaʻa nā metala hydroxides e like me ka ferric hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, copper hydroxide a me alumini hydroxide. Pono e mālama ʻia ka wai hoʻopau metala e hoʻokō i nā lula pili a pau ma muli o ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka/holoholona o kēia ʻōpala.
ʻOihana holoi lole
ʻO ka ʻoihana lawelawe textile ʻoihana e pili ana i ka nui o nā lole i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo kēia mau ʻaʻahu, kāwele, papahele MATS, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopuka i ka wai ʻino i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā aila, wadding, one, grit, metala kaumaha, a me nā mea hoʻohuihui kūlohelohe e pono e mālama ʻia. ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
ʻoihana mining
ʻO koʻu huelo he hui ʻana o ka wai a me ka pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia i koe mai ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā mineral concentrates, e like me ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻana i nā huelo koʻu he luʻi koʻikoʻi no nā ʻoihana eli. He kuleana kaiapuni ʻo Tailings a me kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi a me ka manawa kūpono e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā papa hana lapaʻau kūpono ma nā loko huelo.
ʻAila a me ke kinoea fracking
ʻO ka wai ʻōpala mai ka ʻeli kinoea shale i manaʻo ʻia he ʻōpala weliweli a he paʻakai loa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wai i hui pū ʻia me nā kinikona ʻoihana i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wili ʻana i loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium, magnesium, iron, barium, strontium, manganese, methanol, chlorine, sulfate a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka wā wili, hoʻi nā mea radioactive kūlohelohe i ka ʻili me ka wai. Hiki i ka wai fracking ke loaʻa nā hydrocarbons, me nā toxins e like me benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene a me xylene hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā wili.
ʻO ka hale hana wai/wai ʻōpala
ʻO kahi huahana o nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpala i loaʻa i nā mea haumia he nui. ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia hiki ke loaʻa i nā huahana disinfectant e like me trihalomethane a me ka waikawa haloacetic. ʻO nā koena paʻa mai nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo biosolids, loaʻa nā mea kanu maʻamau, akā hiki nō ke loaʻa nā metala kaumaha a me nā pūhui organik synthetic i loaʻa i nā huahana hale.
ʻO ka hana meaʻai
Pono e mālama ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā pesticides, insecticides, ʻōpala holoholona a me nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai a me ka wai ʻino mahiʻai. I ke kaʻina hana o ka meaʻai mai nā mea maka, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ke kino wai me kahi haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻāpana a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole nā kemika. ʻO nā ʻōpala kino mai ka pepehi holoholona a me ka hana ʻana, nā wai o ke kino, nā mea ʻōpū a me ke koko ke kumu o nā mea haumia wai e pono e mālama ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-15-2023