Nā hōʻailona ʻenehana opolyacrylamideʻO ke kaumaha maʻamau, ka degere hydrolysis, degere ionic, viscosity, koena monomer maʻiʻo, no laila e hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o PAM hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia mai kēia mau hōʻailona!
01Kaumaha Molekala
He kiʻekiʻe loa ke kaumaha molekala o PAM a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.ʻO ka PAM, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka makahiki 1970, he mau miliona kona kaumaha. Mai ka 1980s, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka molecular PAM ma mua o 15 miliona, a ua hiki kekahi i 20 miliona. "Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia mau molekala PAM mai ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli tausani acrylamide a i ʻole sodium acrylate molecules (acrylamide he 71 molecular weight, a ʻo PAM me hoʻokahi haneri tausani monomers he molecular weight of 7.1 miliona)."
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana flocching ʻoi aku ka PAM me ke kaumaha molecular kiʻekiʻe, me ke kaumaha molekala o 71 no ka acrylamide a me 7.1 miliona no PAM i loaʻa i ka 100,000 monomers. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka polyacrylamide a me kāna mau mea i loaʻa mai nā haneli he mau tausani a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 miliona, e like me ke kaumaha mole e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ma lalo o 1 miliona), ke kaupaona waena (1 miliona a 10 miliona), ke kaumaha mole kiʻekiʻe. (10 miliona a 15 miliona), super molecular kaumaha (ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 miliona).
ʻO ke kaumaha molecular o ka macromolecular organik mea, ʻoiai i loko o ka huahana like ʻaʻole holoʻokoʻa loa, ʻo ke kaumaha molecular nominal kona awelika.
02Degere o ka hydrolysis a me ke degere o ka ion
He hopena nui ka ionic degere o PAM i kona hopena hoʻohana, akā ʻo kona waiwai kūpono e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka mea i mālama ʻia, e loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi loa ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole. Inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika ionic o ka mea i mālama ʻia (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea inorganic), ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ionic degere o PAM, akā, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa. Ma keʻano laulā, kapa ʻia ka degere o ka anion i ka degere o ka hydrolysis. A ʻo ke degere ionic e pili ana i nā cations.
Ionicity =n/(m+n)*100%
ʻO ka PAM i hanaʻia i ka wā mua i polymerized mai kahi monomer o polyacrylamide,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hui -COONa. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka NaOH a hoʻomehana ʻia e hydrolyze i kahi hapa o ka hui -CONH2 i -COONa. Penei ka hoohalike:
-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONa + NH3↑
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea Ammonia i ka wā hydrolysis. ʻO ka hapa o ka hydrolysis hui amide ma PAM i kapa ʻia ke degere o ka hydrolysis o PAM, ʻo ia ka degere o ka anion. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano PAM, a maikaʻi ʻole ka hana (e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka paona molekala a me ka hana o PAM), ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1980.
ʻO ka hana hou o PAM he ʻano like ʻole o nā huahana anion degree, hiki i ka mea hoʻohana e like me ka pono a ma o ka hoʻāʻo maoli e koho i nā ʻano kūpono, ʻaʻole pono e hydrolysis, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana hiki ke hoʻohana.Eia nō naʻe, no nā kumu o ka maʻamau, ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe i ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe o nā flocculants e like me ka hydrolysis. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano o ka hydrolysis ka decomposition o ka wai, ʻo ia ka hopena kemika. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea amonia i ka hydrolysis o PAM; ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he hana kino wale nō, ʻaʻohe hopena kemika. He ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻelua a ʻaʻole pono e huikau.
03Maʻiʻo monomer koena
ʻO ke koena monomer maʻiʻo o PAM pili i ka maʻiʻo omonomer acrylamidei ka acrylamide polymerization i polyacrylamide i ke kaʻina hana o ka hopena ʻole a me ke koena i nā huahana acrylamide. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia e ana inā kūpono ia no ka ʻoihana meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻona ka polyacrylamide, akā loaʻa i ka acrylamide kekahi mea ʻona. I loko o ka polyacrylamide ʻoihana, paʻakikī ke pale aku i ke koena o ka monomer acrylamide unpolymerized. No laila, ka maʻiʻo o koena monomer iNā huahana PAMpono e hoomalu pono ia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka nui o ke koena monomer i PAM i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wai inu a me ka ʻoihana meaʻai ma mua o 0.05% ma ka honua. ʻO ka waiwai o nā huahana haole kaulana he haʻahaʻa ma mua o 0.03%.
04viscosity
ʻO ka hoʻonā PAM he ʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha molekala o PAM, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka viscosity o ka hopena. ʻO kēia no ka mea, he mau kaulahao lōʻihi a lahilahi ka PAM macromolecules i kūʻē nui i ka neʻe ʻana ma o ka hopena. ʻO ke kumu o ka viscosity e hōʻike i ka nui o ka ikaika friction i loko o ka hopena, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka helu friction kūloko. He kiʻekiʻe ka viscosity o ka hoʻonā o nā ʻano mea ola polymer a hoʻonui ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha molekala. ʻO kahi ala e hoʻoholo ai i ke kaumaha o ka molecular polymer organic matter, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka viscosity o kahi neʻe o ka hopena ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, a laila e like me kekahi ʻano e helu ai i kona kaumaha mole, ʻike ʻia ʻo "viscose average molecular weight".
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-12-2023